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Antibiotics And Penicillin Science Essays

Antibiotics and Penicillin Antibiotics was created to kill the growth of infectious organisms, produced by bacteria or molds that are toxic to other micro- organisms .Antibiotic refers to antibacterials all antibiotics are more toxic to an organism than they are to an animal or human. How they made antibiotics was not understood until the late 20th century. the principle of using organic compounds to fight infection has been known since ancient times. Plant extracts were used for medicine for centuries and still used today as home remedies. They also used cheese molds for the treatment of infection. The first observation of what would now be called an antibiotic effect was made in the 19th century by a French chemist Louis Pasteur who discovered that certain bacteria could kill anthrax bacilli the first antibiotic to be used successfully in the treatment of human disease was TYROTHRICIN the medicine was too toxic for general use but was used for external treatment for infections. Another antibiotic called Antinomycetes have been more successful. This was discovered in 1944 by biologist Selman waksman which at the time was the biggest treatment for tuberculosis. Since antibiotics came into general use in the 1950’s they have changed dramatically the difference between disease and death. Many diseases in which had people dying were improved dramatically and some of these diseases are tuberculosis, pneumonia, septicemia. Surgical procedures have also been improved. The most well known antibiotic is Penicillin and it has been used to fight many infectious diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, tetanus and scarlet fever. The action of penicillin was first observed in 1928 by a British bacteriologist Sir Alexander Flemming but 10 years passed before penicillin was studied by a British biochemist called Ernst chain and a British pathologist called Sir Howard Florey they prepared penicillin isolated from fungus for testing against all kind of bacteria and after allot of work they tested on a mice and they all survived. then in 1940 the results were published and the first human clinical to test penicillin was done. Penicillin acts both by killing bacteria and by inhibiting their growth. It only kills the organisms that are growing and reproducing. Big containers filled with liquid and nutrients necessary for molds to grow are used to grow large amounts of penicillin. penicillin was originally produced by growing penicillium notatum mold in small containers. There are four types of penicillin. These are penicillin G types, ampicillin, penicillinase and the extended penicilling. Penicillin g types are effective against steptoccocci and some negative bacteria. Penicillin G is used to treat syphillis, Gonorrhea, Meningitis, Anthrax and yaws. The other penicillins have a similar range but are less effective. Penicillin are given for throat infections , pneumonia, spinal meningitis, gas gangrene, diphtheria, syphilis and gonorrhea. Side effects are minor but could include Skin Rashes, swelling , shock , anemia, nephritis. penicillin can be obtained at hospitals as well as pharmacies. The dosage of penicillin are measure in terms of international units. Each of these units is equal to 0.0006 g of the crystalline fraction of penicillin. In the early days of penicillin the drug was given in small doses every three hours now just with one injection it can last four weeks. Depending on the kind of penicillin it could vary in price but they are very cheap. a pack of 24 tablets can only cost eight dollars. In my opinion I th Word Count: 569

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